Monday, September 30, 2019

Internet Addiction: Ushering in a Generation of the Socially Inept

How long does a year take when it's going away? This was a question asked by Dunbar to a very highly disciplined soldier right before explaining, rising in almost furious passion, how fast life goes and that the only way that can slow it down is the slow, tedious, and overall unpleasant aspects of life. Granted this conversation took place in a work of fiction; however, how Dunbar insisted that he spend most of his time on base shooting skeet simply because it made his life seem to pass slower does draw parallels to how we distract ourselves today. Unlike in the 50's when Mr. Heller first introduced us to his pleasantly insane world that was Catch-22, today we have the amazing expanse of information and entertainment known as the Internet as well as the multitude of mediums for accessing it: computers, tablets, cellphones, televisions, even the very confines of our car can read Facebook updates. But with this quickly growing rise in demand for technology, status updates, and quick amusement, there is also a growth in research on a literal addiction to the Internet and technology. Many in the social sciences worry that we may be looking at a dependence on the superficial global connection, one that I fear may leave us with an incapable generation of social media dependents. Internet addiction is seen as an impulse-control disorder, much like other addictions such as to gambling or sexual activity, where users are unable to resist urges or impulses to access the Internet. In a recent study done by Dr. Kimberly Young of the University of Pittsburgh at Bradford, it was found that out of the nearly four hundred surveyed that were categorized as Internet dependent a resounding number had experienced academic, relationship, financial, or occupational problems that could be directly linked to excessive Internet use (Table 1).    One of the most alarming of these were those whose real relationships were affected with plenty sad and at times disturbing anecdotes of people becoming too absorbed in the lures of the online community; for example, one mother had forgot about some of the more basic needs of her own children such as picking them up from school or making them dinner (Young 1-5). The academic arena is one that has been most recently seen affected. When surveyed at the Cranfield School of Management in the United Kingdom, about 39% of students 11 to 18 years old said that texting had taken its toll on their ability to proper write English. Probably more concerning was the 59.2% that openly admitted to plagiarism, â€Å"inserting information straight from the Internet into schoolwork, without actually reading or changing it, and then, shockingly, a third of those said that they considered that acceptable schoolwork (Goodwin). Then you have Californian psychologist Larry D. Rosen who referred to the â€Å"Google effect,† what he described as â€Å"an inability to remember facts brought on by the realization [sic] they are all available via Google (â€Å"Rise † 8). What we see here can be construed as just laziness on part of this generation, a stereotype that I would agree with if not for the overwhelming evidence that suggests that this issue runs so much deeper, namely how we interact with each other when we are offline. The detrimental effects that dependence on the Internet has on people is further outlined in the report â€Å"Technology Overload: Explaining, Diagnosing, And Dealing With Techno-Addiction† by Nada Kakabadse, a professor of management and business research at University of Northampton in the United Kingdom. His commentary was hardly optimistic: â€Å"Being hooked into ICT [information and communication technology] devices and ignoring ‘offline' social interaction can lead to chronic insomnia, relationship break-up, job-loss, premature burn-out and accidents as a result of inattentiveness to daily detail.The harm to both the individual and society is immense. Idolatry of ICT gadgets such as the PDA, BlackBerry, mobile phone, has serious consequences, especially when ‘online' behavior begins to interfere with an ‘offline' life. † (Claburn) Vesile Oktan revealed in another report on the effects that Internet dependence had on students at the Karadeniz Technical University in Turkey on their ability to cope and control emotions. While his findings did indicate that Internet addiction was a reliable predictor in poor emotions management, he also point out previous studies that supported this such as young people with virtual gaming addictions had low self-control and discipline. He went on to discuss how this addiction could be a behavioral pattern that compensated, however inadequately, for failures in life (Oktan 3-5). A very similar examination from Greece only showed consistency; when comparing a younger demographic (ages 12-18) to their respective parents over the course of two years, it was found that without preventative initiative Internet addiction grew in the children. The biggest predictor variable for this addiction was parental bonding rather than actual security as many parents underestimated their children's involvement (Siomos). These two reports show a consistent connection between how people interact outside the digital world and how they both are affected and effect how one develops uncontrollable cravings. What the spectacular resources the Internet has to offer surely can't be refuted as invaluable. The ability to quickly and effectively communicate with each other over vast distances and almost instantaneously is a recent luxury that we at times take for granted. The use of the Internet and its many outlets does make for a good distraction in much of the same way Dunbar made use of the shooting range in Catch-22 even though he detested actually doing target practice. Unfortunately, in this situation, what we can take for granted also has its capacity to consume and entrap us with its ease of access and being easily relatible unlike standard social situations when offline where one has to make compromises (Young 5). Many experts would rather not classify this issue as an actual addiction, citing that it is more of a means to an end such as how gambling addicts will switch to the Internet poker rooms when they can no longer get their fix from actual casinos or vice versa (Ritchie). I firmly believe that this is a real problem in society that will eventually prevent many people from achieving success as this continues to monopolize their time, effort, and mental processes. I would almost go as far to say that I have my own difficulties with this; case and point: I would readily say that this essay would have been completed in a timely manner if it had not been of the constant distraction from reality that the Internet provides. I will conclude with an anecdote that very clearly displays where many undiagnosed individuals are going if this issue is not given proper attention. I challenge you to read this and reflect on other well researched and described addictions such as with alcohol, gambling, and sexual activity. Then I pose to you a question: if we are dealing with a very similar problem with a medium that is as vast as it is accessible, long could a life take when it's going away? â€Å"When Johnny's grandmother died unexpectedly, the family was devastated. Fifteen-year-old Johnny seemed to be coping well, but would continue to spend at least six hours a day playing online role-play game [sic] World of Warcraft; sometimes up to 10 hours at the weekend. It was not until months later, after he had cut down on his gaming, that the impact of the death really hit home. Johnny went to visit his grandfather and was horrified to relearn that his grandmother had gone and would not be coming back. â€Å"He did acknowledge it, but was so immersed in World of Warcraft at the time that when he got off the game, he was shocked and very upset that she wasn't there, says Dr. Richard Graham, a consultant child and adolescent psychiatrist who subsequently treated Johnny for his gaming addiction. â€Å"The time Johnny spent gaming had steadily increased over the years until he was spending every available hour on his Xbox. He completely lost all interest in school and his grades inevitably suffered. It was only after a couple of months of treatment that Johnny started to re-engage with the people around him. ‘That emotional impact had been frozen in time,' says Dr Graham. ‘Even when there was a death in the family, something as crucial as mourning didn't take place.'† (Ritchie)

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Non Parametric and Chi-Square Distribution

Individual Paper #3: Non parametric and Chi-square distribution Brief Summary: I worked for a logistic company. My major responsibility was in charge of the storage and transportation of parts of cars between two areas, which are about 1400 miles apart. One of my jobs is collecting the goods from suppliers and arranging the trucks to deliver them. There are five truck drivers, and each of them is assigned to deliver on each weekday throughout a whole year. Before the delivery, we will check the quality of the goods and Make sure that there are no damaged goods.When arriving at the destination, the staff will check the goods again and record the damaged goods that occurred in transit. At the end of every month, we will pay for the compensation according to the number of the defective goods. In order to reduce the number of the damaged goods during the delivery, I want to identify the reasons why they are damaged. In this study, I want to find out that whether some drivers are more pro ne to make the goods damaged during their delivery.Variable to be measured: Two variables are to be measured. The first variable is just the five truck drivers, and the second one is the quality of the goods after the delivery. Determination of Population: Population in this case is defined as the all goods delivered from Tianjin area to Guangzhou area. Statistical method: To analyze relationship between the two variables above which are both nominal in terms of data type, I decide to use Chi-squared test of a contingency table. Sample Selection:The information about delivery is recorded in our computer system, including the delivery date, name of the driver, the number of damaged goods and so on. I take out the data about 52 weeks during the previous year and record them into the following table: | Quality| | Truck Driver| Passed| Damaged| Total| Driver A| | | | Driver B| | | | Driver C| | | | Driver D| | | | Driver E| | | | Total| | | | Hypothesis: The objective is to describe whe ther there is a relationship between the five drivers and the number of damaged goods.The null hypothesis will specify that there is no relationship between the two variables: H0 : The two variables are independent The alternative hypothesis specifies one variable affects the other, expressed as: H1 : The two variables are dependent Use the formula: ?2=i=1k(fi-ei)2ei ? =(r-1) (c-1) which calculates the test statistic. Or use the Excel by importing the data into the function of Data Analysis Plus, Contingency Table. Then I could acquire chi-squared Stat, p-value. The number of degrees of freedom v=(r-1)(c-1)=(5-1)(2-1)=4.If I employ a 5% significance level, the rejection region is X2> X2 a, v = X2 . 05, 4 = 9. 49 Comparing the results, if the p-value is greater than 9. 49, there is not enough evidence to infer that there is a relationship between the five drivers and the number of damaged goods; if the p-value is not greater than 9. 49, I can reject the null hypothesis in favor of th e alternative, which means there is a relationship between the five drivers and the number of damaged goods. So I can reduce the number of damaged goods through improving the drivers’ conditions.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

An Empirical Comparison of Computer Programming

It is considered to be the compiled and the case sensitive approach which is free form the programming language. It is able to handle the combination of the higher level and the lower level language features. (Sharma et a., 2015). It comprises of the encapsulation, data hiding, inheritance and the polymorphism where there have been building blocks which includes the different variables, data types with the literals. This includes using the writing device drivers with the software that set on direct manipulations of the hardware with the teaching and research. This includes the class, methods, objects and instance variables with the states and behaviours. This has been properly defined as a template with the describing of the objects with the proper typing support. The methods have been based on behaviour with the objects that include set of instance variables. The characters have been based on three character with single character and sequence. The object oriented programming which includes the C and the C++ where the Java has been compiled with the distributed over the web and interpreted by the Virtual Machine with the platform. The Java is designed which includes the mastering of the secured features which enables the developing virus free, tamper-free system. (Eaves, 2016). The authentication techniques with the public key encryption with the architecture neutral generates on architecture based formation with the compiled code execution based on the different processors. With the portable architectural neutral implementation dependent aspects and robust with the multithreaded feature along with construct interactive application. The higher performance with the higher Just-In Time compilers where Java has been able to handle the accessing to the objects. Python has been considered and interpreted to the runtime process which includes the proper handling of the interactive system. (Zhu et al., 2016). This is for the object oriented programming language which encapsulates the code which have been in the object. The support and the development is based on the wider range of the applications to process the different browsers. It is seen that Python is completed easy to learn, read and maintain the system standard library. The interactive modes have been based on holding the debugging of the snippets for the code. The Python has been based on the running of a wider variety of the hardware platforms. This has been for the use of the Practical Extraction and the Report Language where there have been a proper system development, web and the networking programming. (Prechelt et al., 2000). It includes the projects that are for the private and the public sectors that have been able to handle and work on the mark-up languages along with supporting of the Unicode system. The support is based on the procedural and the oriented programming. The set up can be easily embedded into the other system. Prechelt, L. (2000). An empirical comparison of C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Rexx and Tcl.  IEEE Computer,  33(10), 23-29. Zhu, X., Whitehead, E. J., Sadowski, C., & Song, Q. (2015). An analysis of programming language statement frequency in C, C++, and Java source code.  Software: Practice and Experience,  45(11), 1479-1495. Sharma, S., Sharma, C. S., & Tyagi, V. (2015, January). Plagiarism detection tool â€Å"Parikshak†. In  Communication, Information & Computing Technology (ICCICT), 2015 International Conference on  (pp. 1-7). IEEE. Eaves, H. L. (2016). Evaluating and Improving the Efficiency of Software and Algorithms for Sequence Data Analysis.

Friday, September 27, 2019

Sustainable Design Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sustainable Design - Case Study Example Sustainable design requires that all the people involved in the design and construction of a project adopt a co-creation approach where they complement rather than replace nature. Among the factors that they should consider include, water conservation, the use of sustainable materials, renewable energy, site development and indoor environmental quality. The High Line is a public park built on a redesigned railway. Cataldi et al (2011) state that the park was first opened to the Public in 2009. It is a 2.3 kilometer (1.5 mile) long green corridor. According to the official website of the High Line (2014), the park opens from 7am to 11pm. Figure 1 shows the beautiful flowers in the park. One of the reasons behind the success of the park is the deliberate effort to co-create with nature. For example, the flowers and trees in the park are perfectly suited for the soil and climate of the area. This not only reduces the amount of effort required to care for them, but also ensures that the vegetation in the park can survive for a longtime. Fig 1 According to Sustainable plant (2014), a closed loop is a system in which there is no exchange of matter with the outside environment. The park uses recirculated water. This approach ensures that it does not put a strain on the limited water resources. It is a feature of the sustainable design principles which inspired the development of the park. The reason why the Park has such an elaborate design is because the city allowed the advocacy group who had fought for the project to be implemented. This allowed a group of people who were passionate about the idea to be involved. According to Cataldi et al (2011), this shows the value of ensuring that all stakeholders are given an opportunity to give their input on community development. Schools that incorporate green design, create a good learning environment and atmosphere for its students. This results in better academic performance in the

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Public Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Law - Coursework Example 2. Stone, R.  Entry, Search and Seizure  (4rd  Ed, London, Sweet & Maxwell 2005). Throughout his book, the author argues that police have the legal power to enter and search premises as a preventive justice depends on the circumstances under which the power is derived such as if the there is reasonable belief that there is a likely breach of peace and the police entry or search is going to prevent it. 3. Williams, D.  Keeping the Peace: The Police and Public Order  (London, Hutchinson 1997). According to this book, the law legally allows the police to have powers of entry and search of peace in order to keep peace and public order. The book further suggests that the law enforcement officer are however required to set a reasonable geographical area which should not be wider than the area necessary for the prevention of the anticipated breach of peace. 4. Fenwick, H.  Civil Liberties,  (1st  Ed, London, Routledge Cavendish Publishing 1994). 5. Stephens, P. Commentaries on the law of England (21ed. Wellington, Carswell 1993) 6. Woody, R. Search and seizure: The Fourth Amendment for law enforcement officers. (Illinois, Charles C Thomas 2006). 7. Sharpe, S. Search and Surveillance: the movement from information to evidence. (De Montford, Ashgate 2000). 8. Kerrigan, K. Breach of the Peace and Binding Over (London, Cavendish Publishing 1997). Articles 1. Nicolson D and Reid K. â€Å"Arrest for Breach of Peace and the European Convention on Human Rights† [1996]  Criminal Law Review764. This journal article suggests that although the police have powers to arrest, enter and search promises when there is a breach of peace, there are a number of privileged materials which are excluded from police warrant of search. Some of the privileged materials include records held by clergymen, doctors and voluntary organizations. 2. Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure. â€Å"The Investigation and Prosecution of Criminal Offences in England and Wales† [1981] The Law and Procedure Cmnd 8092-1 The report suggested that the police powers to enter and search are only confined to areas considered to be under immediate control of the suspect beyond which the law is unclear. 3. Goldstein, A. â€Å"The Search Warrant† The Magistrate and Judicial Review 1987† 62(6) New York University Law Review, 1173. This law review article argues that a police entry and search can be legally considered to be unlawful if there is no connection between the premises and the offence for which the search is being conducted. 4. Williams, G. â€Å"Dealing with Breaches and anticipated breaches of Peace† [1982]  Justice of the Peace 199. 5. Cameron, E. â€Å"Rights, constitutionalism and the Rule of Law† (1997) 114 SALJ 504-508. Cases 1. Lamb vs. DPP  [1990] Crim. L.R. 58 In the case, a woman had requested the company of a constable to a property where she had been previously living with the occupier. The occupier later ordered the police to leave the premises. It was ruled that the police had no license to the premise. 2. McLeod  vs.  Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis  [1994] 4 All E.R. 553 The case involved recovery of property as part of a divorce settlement. Mrs. McLeod was given the custody of their matrimonial house and the police accompanied her divorced husband to collect his property which had remained in the house. The court ruled that the po

About positive message Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

About positive message - Essay Example The grooming of the workforce is a win-win situation. It is a strategy which will not only benefit the organization but it will also help the employees to improve their market worth which can be cashed on later. There are some rules and regulation while taking any course. These rules and regulations must be followed by the employees so that they can get maximum benefits without any hindrance. Employees are entitled to receive scholarship for those courses which are related to their current job. Initially the courses are being offered for the permanent employees however we also believe that our temporary workers will try to work hard to get the status of permanent employee so that they can also make their market worth through these courses. Tuition fee is considered as one of the major chunk of any study. Therefore the organization has already made an arrangement for it and we hope that employees will make the arrangement for other expenses like books and stationary at their own expense. Grade ‘C’ will be considered as a mandatory requirement for the reimbursement of approved applications of the employees. Temporary employees can take some benefits from the scholarship after the completion of their probationary period with the company. Employees interested in under-graduate programs will be better of since the undergraduate programs are not taxed as per the rules of the taxation. There are very few organizations that care about the workforce to such an extent. However we also believe that these facilities are not only benefiting the employees but such a grooming is also enhancing the goodwill of the organization. We believe that employees should consider it as a life time opportunity and try to give maximum time to their courses after the completion of their work. Work experience can not benefit alone. Many HR managers expect that employees should keep themselves up to date with the latest developments related to their field. For example if

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Critique of an Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critique of an - Article Example Moreover, the authors assert that customers may have a central role to play in the employee turnover in a firm, since satisfied clients may increase the likelihood of employee retention for a firm due to heightened job satisfaction. Slatten, Svensson and Sv?ri (2010: 213) found out that all other factors contributing to the rate of employee turnover are dependent on the employees’ perception of the quality of service that one is capable of providing. The study shows that employee perception acts as the link between antecedents of employee turnover (empowerment, coaching and clarity of one’s role at the workplace), and the consequence that is the likelihood of employees to leave a workplace for another one. The 1076 subjects of the study completed a self-interview questionnaire, all of whom were frontline employees for service firms in Norway (Slatten, Svensson and Sv?ri 2010: 211). The sample was selected by judgment sampling, as 52 percent of the sample was male; avera ge age was 32 years; 61.3 percent were permanently employed and working on a fulltime basis; 74.6 had lasted for approximately 6 years with their employer; and about half had achieved higher education. This sample is only appropriate for demonstration purposes as it is not representative of Norway’s service industry workforce; in addition, the sample size is small and not appropriate for generalization to the whole population (Grant and Cavanagh, 2004: 18). The authors should have adopted a random sample, mainly by a combination of a cluster sample and a systematic sample that is inclusive of all components of the service sector employee population, and is random enough to give each member of the population a chance to be picked in the sample. However, testing the questionnaires on 53 respondents before the study was a proper approach since the pilot study enabled them to identify limitations of the study before incurring financial and time expenses, and make modifications. M oreover, the use of a combination of questions from previous studies gave the authors an increased chance of making corrections on errors made in previous studies and improving on previous study techniques. The variables in this study are qualitative, including satisfaction, perceptions, needs and preferences; however, Slatten, Svensson and Sv?ri (2010: 211) used a seven point Likert-scale to give the qualitative information a quantitative aspect. This involves making numerous assumptions, including the obvious one of assuming that employees had the ability to assign numerical values to their feelings and perceptions (Karatepe and Uludag, 2008: 116). Consequently, the objectivity of the study is reduced as a result of the process of changing quality into quantity, as employees are not homogenous in their perceptions. In addition, there is little difference between the seven levels of Likert-scale, and employees are more likely to be biased in their analysis due to real or perceived differences between them as seen in Chiu et al. (2005: 486). This makes it impossible to generalize the results of the study to include different backgrounds, mainly due to the varied results that are likely since employee perceptions are dependent on a myriad of market factors (Richards, 2009). Slatten, Svensson

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Financial and Mangement Accounting (Cable and Wireless Plc) Essay

Financial and Mangement Accounting (Cable and Wireless Plc) - Essay Example Cable & Wireless Plc is a company with operations scattered around the world. It has maintained a good profitability performance during 2008 despite the fact that revenue in 2008 declined as compared 2007. The emphasis was to economize the cost of sales. Liquidity is a definite problem with the company as is with other companies as well. Efficiency on inventory turnover has covered up lot of operational weaknesses of the company in 2008. The company is highly geared and the equity holders are presented with a stage to have benefits of trading in equity. Investors are ever willing to invest as it clear from it price earning ratio. The company is following strictly the provisions IAS 14 in maintaining its accounting policy of segment reporting. The information is exhaustive under primary segments that are business wise; and adequate in secondary segments that are created on the basis geographical areas covered by the company in its business operations.

Monday, September 23, 2019

International & Comparative Employment Relations Essay - 3

International & Comparative Employment Relations - Essay Example 57). These approaches have various effects on the labour standards. This paper analyses the approaches to regulating labour standards in a particular context of Multinational corporations (MNCs). Multinational corporations are business organizations that operate in at least one country apart from their home country. The paper will also consider the effectiveness of current approaches and their sustainability over the long-term. In response to the race to the bottom in labour standards the International Labour Organization decided to focus on what they thought had articulated as core labour standards. This led to a Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work which defined the fundamental rights of workers to be: freedom to associate and the right to collectively bargain to be recognized; illegalization of any type of compulsory or forced labour; abolition of underage labour; and illegalization of discrimination when it comes to occupation and employment (Weil & Mallo 2007, p. 799). International Labour Organization’s member states are supposed to make sure that these fundamental rights are promoted within their territories. This can be said to have been the beginning step toward making sure that the race to the bottom in labour standards is properly dealt with. However, there have been some concerns with regard to the ability of the International Labour’s ability to influence the regulation of labour standards. Despite the fact that the ILO is charged with the responsibility of setting international labour standards it has been observed that these role is in most cases educational, promotional, and normative (Williams & Williams 2014, p. 123). This is because they can only encourage member states to adopt the international labour standards that they propose. They can also be of assistance when it comes to the implementation of these labourstandards. Therefore, it should be noted that

Saturday, September 21, 2019

The Evolution of Public Relations Essay Example for Free

The Evolution of Public Relations Essay Introduction In order for us to understand how public relations have evolved through history, we must first understand what public relations are. Public relations as defined by (Wilcox and Cameron 2004) that Professors Long and Hazelton believe it to be, â€Å" a communication function of management through which organizations adapt to alter, or to maintain their environment for the purpose of achieving organizational goals†(p.5). With that said we could now go back through history and discover how it has or has not changed through time. First, we will look at how effective public relations were almost from the beginning of time and how it was relayed to the masses. Second, we will discuss how public relations changed in the 17th to the 20th century and why it changed. Lastly, we will see how the past has defined what public relations is today and see how much it has evolved through time. Public Relation Beginnings As long as there has been humans on this earth communication was the key to organization how people lived their everyday lives. There has always been one or more persons leaders of these tribes or groups. Within this groups it would be decided where they would live, when it was time to farm the lands or hunt for food, settle disputes amongst themselves and how to protect themselves from outsiders. These decisions were in turn related to the masses. This practice can be loosely described as public relations in its raw stage a one-way communication form. People had no say in how daily life was lived because decisions were made to keep life for them as organized as possible. Public Relations in the 17th to early 20th Century As time passed, the population grew and people moved about more freely, people began to change, as did technology. By the 1700s printer presses were invented and information became more readily available to the public. Before than information was slow in coming and the public was ill informed. With the invention 0f, the printer press larger volumes of publications, books and newspapers were available. Traditionally, society elite had access to information on trade and politics, and used it amongst themselves to speak and make decisions for the masses. Public relations was still a one-way communication. Over time, the public was able to gain access to publications and now were able to form their own views and opinions. They became more vocal about government and politics because they were now better informed. This was what Paul Starr (2004) called a â€Å"public sphere†, a term used by Jà ¼rgen Habermas, there was communication and accessibility to information (p.24). The better-informed people became the more open they were with their views. Public relations change from a one-way communication to a two-way communication because people now realized the power they have in their voices. This changed the way in which public relations campaigns were run. Public Relation firms now had to please the masses whereas years before they made most of the decisions and were not concerned with their opinions. Public Relations Today Today, public relations is used in every conceivable form. We use it to sell products, make people aware of social issues, promote others, and raise money and to influence or help people decide on particular issues. With the invention of the World Wide Web, information is available to the public almost instantaneously. This has become a very powerful tool to public relations firms. Firms will use it to create or repair damage to a company or an individual’s image. Kathleen Neil (2001) says it best that public relations is to inform the people about what they have available for them, to establish and maintain a good relationship with the public (ix). Conclusion The foundation of public relations has not changed over time it still used to influence, maintain and organize the environment in which we live, but has evolved to include a broader range of topics. Public relation started out as a means to organize and maintain stability in a community, to informing the people about what is going on in the community and giving them a voice. The latter is the most significant change public relations made during its evolution. It went from a one-way communication to a two-way communication with the people in public relations valuing the opinions of the masses whereas in the past their opinions did not count. Alternatively, do the really value our opinions? Have we become too dependent on them or they too powerful that the can spin any type of web they choose? Is it all about dollars and cents? This led me to a quote by Scott M, Cutlip (1995) â€Å"Let Truth and Falsehood Grapple â€Å"(xii). References Cutlip, S. (1995). Public relations history: From the 17th to the 20th century. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Neal, K. (2001). A primer on non-profit PR: If charity begins at home Florida: Pineapple Press. Starr, P. (2004). The creation of the media: Political origins of modern communication. New York: Basic Books. Wilcox, D. Cameron, G. (8th ed.). (2006). Public relations: Strategies and tactics: Boston. Allyn and Bacon.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Google Company Motivation Theory

Google Company Motivation Theory Google company is an American multinational corporation. Google company also provides Internet-related products and services, including software, internet search, advertising technologies, and cloud computing. Google founders are Larry Page and Sergey Brin with both attended Stanford University. Since Google was founded in September 4,1998, it grown to serve hundreds of thousands of customers and users around the world. It is initial public offering followed on August 19, 2004. Google name is by Larry and Sergey searching from engine. It is a play on the world googol, is from the mathematical term for a one followed one hundred zeros. Google company founded in Menlo Park, California, U.S. In 2004 on April Fools Day, Google release Gmail. Gmail approach to email included many features like threaded messages, speedy search, huge amounts of storage. Google acquired online video sharing site is YouTube in 2006. Video are uploaded to site every minute. The company provides online productivity software including social networking, email and an office suite. Google products develop to the desktop as well, with organizing and editing photos, instants messaging and applications for web browsing. Development of the Android mobile operating system is lead by Google. Google Chrome OS browser only operating system, founded on specialized netbooks call Chromebook. It has been estimated to run over one million serves in data centers around world. It is process over 1 million search request and about 24 petabytes of user generated data everyday. Google employ employee which are have ability like determined and smart, commend ability over experience. Googlers have set common objectives and visions for company. It come from all walks of life and speak many of languages, response the global audience that it serve. Google try hard to keep the open culture frequently associated with startups, which everybody is an actual contributor and opinion and feels comfortable sharing ideas. Google have their own office and cafà ©. Their offices and cafà © have designed to encourage interact between Googlers within and across teams to spark conversation about work. SECTION 2: CONTENTS 2.1 Identify and explain the relevant principles and concepts of management are applied in the Google Inc. 2.2 To analyze and discuss the companys practice in relation to the selected topic Google Inc is a worldwide company that has strong practices in diversity. This international company is known by everyone and used by many people every day. Actually, Google Inc focuses the workforce diversity in their company due to the reason that Google Inc has over 70 offices in more than 40 countries and its customer base is so diverse. The workforce diversity defined as similarities and differences among employees in terms of age, cultural background, physical abilities and disabilities, race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation. In Google Inc, they have to make sure diverse the employees come from different background and unique knowledge. This is because they need to support and fit in the need of the diverse customer base. The advantages will be bringing to the Google Inc through the company apply workforce diversity. First of all, the workforce diversity increases creativity within the company because heterogeneous groups are generating different and unique ideas with the Google Inc. As more diverse ideas are suggested, the chances of finding a workable answer are improved. In atmospheres when brainstorming is necessary, more ideas are formed because team members are culturally diverse. Moreover, the diversity in viewpoint also is the advantages. This is because Google Inc hired the employees come from different culture or generation which will help the company to get diverse viewpoint from the employees. However, the workforce diversity also brings the disadvantages to the Google Inc too. The competition rather than teamwork is the disadvantages of the workforce diversity because diversity can cause competition among worker. If the employees of the Google Inc are not open to accept other culture, they may bring negative effect to the business. For example, they are working together to finish their work but they will work separately which prolong the process. Next is the impaired freedom of speech. In this type of setting, Googles staffs cannot just cracked jokes, tell stories or state the opinion whatever you want because the worker might be judge as being discriminating. According to the Two Factor Theory of Frederick Herzberg, people are influenced by two factors which are hygiene factors and motivation factors. The hygiene factors defined as needed to ensure an employee does not become dissatisfied. Moreover, the typical of the hygiene factor which included working condition, quality of supervision, job, company policies and administration. The motivation factors are needed in order to motivate an employee into higher performance and the typical motivation factors included achievement, interest in job, growth and responsibility for task. In this case, Google Inc. is using this two factor theory concept in their company and to make sure the employee enjoy the working environment during their working time. The Google Inc. has provided an awesome working place and benefits to their staff and the benefits of the Google Inc are among the best in the world. Google Inc has applied the fun and laughter at workplace. For example, Google Inc. has prepared fun stuff around the office, including bocce ball courts, bowling alleys, and a giant climbing wall. Furthermore, the pool tables and video games also available in many place for the staff to use. Next, they also prepare the gourmet food as free for their staffs. Google also set a room which provides massage chairs that you control while you view relaxing aquariums for relaxations uses. Google Inc. through two factor theory may bring some advantages to their company. First of the advantages is the employees become more efficiency and creative because Google Inc create a fantastic working environment to their employees. In this case, we know that the Google Inc is a high technology company and their staff always need a relaxing environment to create something new ideas. Furthermore, the advantage is to prevent the staff resign because hiring a new staff and training them need a lot of time. From this case, this goes to the loss of the company directly which many a time goes unnoticed and the Google Inc. also can not ensure efficiency from the new staff. Next of the advantage is prevent the loss of Google Inc.s knowledge. This is because Google Inc often spends much time and money on the employee in expectation of the future return, but the employee had left, he takes with his valuable knowledge about the company or past history and the investment is not realized. However, two factor theory that performed by Google Inc. have disadvantages. First of all, it has waste the money of the Google Inc. This is because it cost the company a lot of money to set up or establish all the facility and it cannot make sure the employee be more efficiency on their work. Moreover, the staff also cannot complete their work on time when they were addicted by the all relaxing facility. Next the management theory has apply in the Google Inc is Theory Y by Douglas McGregor. The Theory Y can be defined as an idea that shows the positive view of the worker and assumes employees may be ambitious and self-motivated and exercise self-control. It also implies the optimistic management theory that employees are generally creative and view work as fulfilling. Actually in the Google Inc, they offer a creative and participative atmosphere that to stimulate employees to be productive in achieving the organizations goals. The Google Inc. performs this Theory Y because their tasks tend to more flexible and innovative. Besides, their company always needs the new concept and idea to support their current situation on the world and work hard to keep the new technology going. For example, Google Inc. is using this Theory Y as their leadership style and less supervise their employees. In this situation, it is very work to the Google Inc. and always achieves the goal set by them. The Theory Y also brings some advantages to the Google Inc. First of the advantage is employee can easy to get the new idea. This is because they can play hard and get rest at their workplace and those can getting the new inspiration when they are enjoy the game or relaxing. In this case, a Googles manager has mention that idea does not come always when you sit at your desk. So, it is very effective to Google Incs worker. Next of the advantages is the staff has ability to make a good decisions. This is because the manage less to supervise them and not under pressure or micromanage, it may let the employee can do their best and ability to solve the problem them face by themselves. On another hand, the Theory Y used by the Google Inc has disadvantages too. The disadvantages is it may cause some task cannot complete on time. This is because no all the worker will be ambitious and self-motivated so it will affect the task cannot going on smoothly. In this case, it will also let the company loss the time and the money. According to Ghee Soon Lin, Robert L. Mathis and John H. Jackson (2010), Recruiting is the process of generating a pool of qualified applicants for organizational jobs. However, recruiting is also about to finding qualified applicants, a task that often requires much more than just running an ad in a newspaper. The recruiting can just a set of function involve coordinating internal openings, handling the flow of candidates data, dealing with regulatory reporting, and moving candidates through the system. Google Inc. tends to use the external recruitment source compare with internal recruitment source. External recruitment is when the business looks to fill the vacancy from any suitable applicant outside the business. Internal recruitment is when the business looks to fill the vacancy from within its existing workforce. This is because the Google Inc. always set up a new offices around the world and they need more talents work in their company. Actually, the Google Inc set up over 70 offices in more than 40 countries currently. For the external recruiting, Google Inc has expanded to university universe nowadays. Google Inc is also recruiting college grads from schools other than the usual suspects such as Stanford, Carnegie Mellon and MIT. Colleges such as the University of Victoria in Canada and Emory University in Atlanta rarely saw Google recruiters in the past. But now it is more common. The company is spreading its recruiters out among more schools, rather than concentrating them at the most elite universities. The pro for the external recruitment is it will bring fresh employees and talents. By using the external recruitment, Google Inc will be able to get the new talent and ideas which are beneficial to their companys development and growth. Besides, external vacancies create opportunities to find more high qualifications and experienced staffs which are needed in the team. The diversity of employees helps to form a stronger team and they are able to work more effective. Subsequently, it will stimulate growth and advancement of Google Inc. In contrast, the disadvantage of the external recruiting is having higher cost compared internal recruiting. Hiring externally is costly as the company need to spend a lot of money on the aspect of advertising, recruiting and interviewing. Besides, it is also time consuming. This is because the company need to hire the expert people which not original in the part of the organization. To ensure not to hire the wrong people, the company needs to carry out interviewing process. This process is time consuming and costly to the company as they need to pay at a high range of salary to hire the expert people. Next, the Google Inc also using the AMO method and which is the short form of Ability, Motivation and Opportunity. This AMO method is using to measure the performance of the employee in the Google Inc. The meaning of the ability refers to that talent enable to complete the specific job or task. Next is the motivation, it defined as a set of energetic forces that originates both within and outside an employee, initiates work-related effort, and determines its direction, intensity, and persistence. The last one is the opportunity is the chance of the employee to get into a higher position. SECTION 3: FINDINGS The unlimited sick leave that Google management team offered may become a problem. The person who takes leave may cause problems to his/hers colleague as they have to increase their work amount by helper for his/hers work and the productivity will also reduce during the time they are on leave. According to the Two Factor Theory, it doesnt brings only job satisfaction which occurs on the applier of sick leave. It also brings job dissatisfaction which occurs on the appliers colleague. Google workforce management applies the Theory Y by Douglas McGregor as their leadership style. Theory Y is an idea that managerial assumes all staffs is ambitious and self-motivated.  It may neglect those workers those are not that ambitious and self-motivated. Those person may have potential to adapt with Theory X that may stimulate their potential. Theory X is theory which stated that workers inherently dislike and avoid work and must be driven to it. Google also suggested a method, AMO which brings meaning Ability and Skills, Motivation and Opportunity to involve. Due to large amount of staff with talent, those knowledgeable workers with ability and skills feel that they are not recognized and valued as the company matures. The continuity of recruiting in new knowledge workers causes those current knowledge workers feel less motivated and the competition among colleague may become stronger. The other problem that occurs due to large amount of staffs, some workers feels that they have not given enough opportunity and job satisfaction are not delivered. OCB (Organizational Citizen Behavior) is defined as the individuals behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization. The problem that made by AMO may affect OCB of the employees. Necessity training and recruitment have to apply on the new hired employees in order to make them to have relevant knowledge about their job and adapt with the job. But it may consume a period of time for their training. SECTION 4: RECOMMENDATION There is some ways recommended to improve the company: It is good that Google applied the Theory Y as their leadership style but there are some workers not that ambitious and self-motivated. Google can also apply Theory X as well. We can know that Theory X can be defines as the theory which is stated that workers inherently dislike and avoid work and must be driven to it. Manager can tries to motivate the workers through fear and scold and maintain the tight control over the workers as well. Other than that, manager should rewards the workers if they achieved the goals while manager should punishes them if they done any mistakes. With this principle, these Theory X workers can stimulate their very own potential and of course, it will increase company productivity. Google should also apply one of the 4 principles of science by Taylor (Kinichi, A, 2011) which is give training and rewards to workers based on their performance. Management should reward their workers after they have achieved a certain goal and the rewards can be in the terms of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. By this way, workers will feel motivated and will work harder to achieve another goal to gain another reward. Besides, management also needs to give their workers some free suitable training to them. These trainings not only can give their workers more experiences and have a chance to promote, but also can let them sure that the management needs them. Besides that, because there is continuity of recruiting in new knowledge workers in Google, the current knowledge workers feel less motivated. It is because they always thought that they work hard for the company for nothing. To prevent it, Google can apply the principle that suggested by Mayo which is Hawthorne effect (Kinichi, A., 2011). Management should always take more attention to the workers so that they will work harder for the company. Manager can take attention on the workers by give rewards and applauses when they achieve anything good and the targets that he or she targeted. Dr. Motivation, Dave Worman (n.d.) found that the manager do not give enough attention on the workers it is because they do not get enough attention from the top management too. To change and prevent this situation occur, attentions should be taken start from the top management. We can know that Google always recruiting new workers outside of the company. This is called as external recruitment. This recruitment can be good as the company can have specialized knowledge workers but this recruitment will consume more time and expensive. Besides, it is very high risk because the company even does not know the person that they recruited. So the better way is Google should apply internal recruitment. This recruitment not only saves time but has fewer risks. It is because internal candidates are more familiar with the organization. Besides, Google no needs to spend their time to train the new candidates, advertise, and interview the newbie. SECTION 5: CONCLUSION Google Company is an American multinational corporation. Google company also provides Internet-related products and services, including software, internet search, advertising technologies, and cloud computing. The Company also provides online productivity software including social networking, email and an office suite. Google products develop to the desktop as well, with organizing and editing photos, instants messaging and applications for web browsing. Google Inc. is using this two factor theory concept which is hygiene factors and motivation factors in their company and to make sure the employee enjoy the working environment during their working time. The Google Inc. has provided an awesome working place and benefits to their staff and the benefits of the Google Inc. are among the best in the world. For example, Google Inc. has prepared fun stuff around the office and prepares the gourmet food as free for their staffs. Google Inc. through two factor theory may bring some advantages to their company. First of the advantages is the employees become more efficiency and creative because Google Inc. create a fantastic working environment to their employees. The next the advantage is to prevent the staff resign because hiring a new staff and training them need a lot of time. However, two factor theory that performed by Google Inc. have disadvantages. First of all, it has waste the money of the Google Inc. Next the management theory has apply in the Google Inc. is Theory Y. The Google Inc. performs this Theory Y because their tasks tend to more flexible and innovative. The Theory Y also brings some advantages to the Google Inc. First of the advantage is employee can easy to get the new idea. Next of the advantages is the staff has ability to make a good decisions. On another hand, the Theory Y used by the Google Inc. has disadvantages too. The disadvantages is it may cause some task cannot complete on time. Google Inc. tends to use the external recruitment source compare with internal recruitment source. The pro for the external recruitment is it will bring fresh employees and talents. In contrast, the con of the external recruiting is having higher cost compared internal recruiting.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Abortion :: essays research papers

Abortion has been one of this country's most controversial topic on hand. But if one sees the constitutional infringement to women by the restriction of abortion, the torment to the unwanted child and the anguish society has to sustain,then this topic would not be so debatable. Too many people do not see the cause and effect of not being able to have abortions. All human beings are given some inalienable right guaranteed by the Constitution. One of those privilege is the right to pursue happiness. A baby can sometimes disrupt a woman's pursuit of happiness. Even if she decides to give it up for adoption, she still has the burden of carrying the fetus for nine months. Having the option to perform an abortion can solve that obstacle. Taking away this right would be invading on a woman's constitutional liberty. The unwanted child also suffers. Most of the time the mother of the unwanted child is very young and inexperienced or too poor to take care of the child. The child is usually malnourished, has no medical care, and gets very little attention or love. The foster care system isn't any better. Only a small percentage of the children are adopted by suitable parents. But the rest remain in the foster care system, where there is little or no personal care. In both cases, the child has a poor education because of the lack of attention and discipline. He grows up to be unproductive individual or a menace to society. Many get involved in drugs and crimes. These individuals are also very violent, lacking morality due small amount of care they received themselves. In the long run, not only does the child suffer but also society, who has to tolerate his violent

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

The Silk Road Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The four hundred years between the collapse of the Han dynasty (206 B.C.E.- C.E. 220) and the establishment of the Tang dynasty (618-906) mark a division in the history of China. During this period, foreign invasion, transcontinental trade, and missionary ambition opened the region to an unprecedented wealth of foreign cultural influences. These influences were both secular and sacred. Nomads, merchants, emissaries and missionaries flooded into China, bringing new customs, providing exotic wares, and generating new religious beliefs. Foremost among these beliefs was Buddhism, born in India, but which now took root in China. These new influences entered China by a vast network of overland routes, popularly known as the Silk Road   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The term Silk Road does not refer to a single, clearly defined road or highway, but rather denotes a network of trails and trading posts, oasis and markets scattered all across Central Asia. All along the way, branch routes led to destinations off to the side of the main route, with one especially important branch leading to northwestern India, and thus to other routes throughout the subcontinent. The Silk Road network is generally thought of as stretching from an eastern station at the old Chinese capital city of Chang'an to westward stations at Byzantium (Constantinople), Antioch, Damascus, and other Middle Eastern cities. But beyond those end points, other trade networks distributed Silk Road goods throughout the Mediterranean world and Europe, on one end, and throughout eastern Asia on the other end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is not possible to think clearly about the Silk Road without taking into consideration the whole of Eurasia as its geographical context. Trade along the Silk Road flourished or diminished according to the conditions in China, Byzantium, Persia, and other countries along the way. There was also competition for alternative routes, by land and sea, to absorb long-distance   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 Eurasian trade when conditions along the Silk Road were unfavorable. For this reason, the geographical context of the Silk Road must be thought of in the broadest possible terms, including sea rout... ...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Works Cited Beers, Burton F. (1988). World History Patterns of Civilization. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Clyde, Paul H., Beers, Burton F. (1971) The Far East: A History of the Western Impact and the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eastern Response. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Goodrich, L. Carrington (1959). A Short History Of The Chinese People. New York: Harper &   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Row.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Great Silk Road. (Retrieved November 11, 2004) from http://www.lotossutra.at/english/seidentstr.ht.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Silk Road (Retrieved November 10, 2004) from http://www.imperialtours.net/silk_road.htm The Silk Road. (Retrieved November 11, 2004) from http://www.ess.uci.edu/%7Eoliver/silk.htm Welcome to the Silk Road (Retrieved November 12, 2004) from http://www.silkroad.com

strenght of relational model :: essays research papers

Introduction The first database systems were based on the network and hierarchical models. A database can be defined as a collection of non-redundant data which can be shared by different application systems. A database implies separation of physical storage from use of the data by an application program to achieve program/data independence. Using a database system, the user or programmer or application specialist need not know the details of how the data are stored and such details are usually "transparent" to the user. . These are covered briefly in appendices in the text. The relational model was first proposed by E.F. Codd in 1970 and the first such systems were developed in 1970s. The relational model is now the dominant model for commercial data processing applications. The relational model can be used in both conceptual and logical database design. The basic structure in the model is a table .Tables consists of rows and columns. Relationships in the relational model are represented implicitly through common attributes between different relations. The relational model consist of a relational structure, a set of integrity rules, and data manipulation operations. The relational structure is based on the representation of data in the form of tables. A table contains rows and columns, with each row representing an individual record, and each column representing a field for each record. Tables are related via indirect indexes of primary and foreign keys. The operations that are performed on these tables in order to store, manipulate and access this data include union, intersection, join, division, restriction, projection, assignment, difference, and product. How do you know if the relational model best fits your intended application? An application that requires on-line transaction processing (OLTP) where multiple files are updated simultaneously could benefit from the table structure of the relational model. The relational model provides the ability to quickly insert data into tables. However, when it comes to querying--getting data out of the database--the relational model can be slower because it doesn’t support direct access in multiple joins that are possible with the network model. An RDBMS-based application requires the traversal of indexes to get at related data in other files and this requires additional disk accesses and CPU cycles. The more tables involved and the greater the volume of records in these tables the more time is spent in accessing disk storage to get a result set. But while the relational model has the power to meet heavy-duty OLTP needs--get data into the database--it is also an excellent choice for simpl e databases and for an inexperienced database designer.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Alternative economic models Essay

1. If two alternative economic models are offered, other things equal, we would 2. Time-series forecasting models: 3. Consumer expenditure plans is an example of a forecasting method. Which of the general categories best described this example? 4. An example of a time series data set is one for which the: 5. For studying demand relationships for a proposed new product that no one has ever used before, what would be the best method to use? 6. Which of the following barometric indicators would be the most helpful for forecasting future sales for an industry? 7. If Ben Bernanke, Chair of the Federal Reserve Board, begins to tighten monetary policy by raising US interest rates next year, what is the likely impact on the value of the dollar? 8. An appreciation of the U.S. dollar has what impact on Harley-Davidson (HD), a U.S. manufacturer of motorcycles? 9. The purchasing power parity hypothesis implies that an increase in inflation in one country relative to another will over a long period of time 10. In an open economy with few capital restrictions and substantial import-export trade, a rise in interest rates and a decline in the producer price index of inflation will 11. An increase in the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar relative to a trading partner can result from 12. The optimal currency area involves a trade-off of reducing transaction costs but the inability to use changes in exchange rates to help ailing regions. If the US, Canada, and Mexico had one single currency (the Peso-Dollar) we would tend to see all of the following EXCEPT: 13. Using demand and supply curves for the Japanese yen based on the $/ ¥ price for yen, an increase in US INFLATION RATES would 14. The isoquants for inputs that are perfect complements for one another consist of a series of: 15. The combinations of inputs costing a constant C dollars is called: 16. In a production process, an excessive amount of the variable input relative to the fixed input is being used to produce the desired output. This statement is true for: 17. If the marginal product of labor is 100 and the price of labor is 10, while the marginal product of capital is 200 and the price of capital is $30, then what should the firm? 18. The isoquants for inputs that are perfect  substitutes for one another consist of a series of: 19. Marginal factor cost is defined as the amount that an additional unit of the variable input adds to ____. 20. What method of inventory valuation should be used for economic decision-making problems? 21. The existence of diseconomies of scale (size) for the firm is hypothesized to result from: 22. ____ are defined as costs which are incurred regardless of the alternative action chosen in a decision-making problem. 23. The cost function is: 24. For a short-run cost function which of the following statements is (are) not true? 25. According to the theory of cost, specialization in the use of variable resources in the short-run results initially in:

Monday, September 16, 2019

Context That Motivates Adult Learning

Context That Motivates Adult Learning There are four â€Å"distinct context† to motivate adult learners according to the research of Malcolm Knowles (Alexander, M. , Clugston, W, & Tice, E. (2009) these are; Practical, Personal, Experiential and Idealistic Context. Practical context describes one who is motivated by intentional or specific personal gain where you deliberately choose to learn a subject or activity knowing in advance of starting the learning process that it will benefit and /or be useful to you either immediately or in the future.Personal context motivation is when one has the desire to further their education in an effort to achieve personal goals. Experiential context is when one is motivated to expand or adjust the knowledge gained through past experiences and applying it to new challenges or experiences to form updated results. Idealistic context motivation is learning for the sole purpose of learning, discovering and staying up to date and â€Å"in the kno w. † Practical context is my type of motivation to learn.Before applying to Ashford I was certain that the hard work and dedication I put into earning my degree in Human Resources Management will open opportunities for professional advancement in my career goals. My current occupation is Human Resources Representative in a corporate setting with over 10 years of experience in the Human Resources field. I have enough experience the Human Resources field that I am confident I will succeed as a manager. However, I cannot be considered for a management position until I achieve a Bachelor’s degree in Human Resources Management.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

International Economic Essay

Globalization process refers to the worldwide incorporation of economic, cultural, political as well as religious and social arrangements. There are other definitions with the IMF referring it as the growing economic interdependence of nations globally through improving quantity and range of inter-country trade, free international capital flows and extensive widespread of technological knowledge. Economically, it’s defined as the union of prices, products, wages as well as interest rates and margins to fit in the developed countries standards. Globalization has various advantages such as appearance of global production, markets as well as wider access to a variety of internationally produced goods for consumers and producers. Secondly, there is emergence of international economic markets and greater access to external funds for; local, national and other borrowers. Thirdly, it’s economically beneficial in that there is recognition of an international common market depending on the autonomous exchange of commodities between nations. Fourthly, there is a formation of world political government that maintains the relationship between nations and ensures the freedom arising from social and economic internationalization. In addition, there is a greater information flows between different countries hence enhancing communication, while encouraging intercultural contacts and adoption of other cultural ideas hence promoting the adoption of new technology and practices therefore encouraging unity and harmony. Finally, it encourages global cooperation which assists in solving environmental challenges such as water and air pollution, over fishing of the seas and climate change. Similarly, it encourages health competition between nations and industries hence ensuring efficiency and effectiveness in the production of commodities. This ensures that goods produced are of high quality and charged fairly. This ensures that consumers are not exploited by producers who may produce counterfeit goods and charge high prices. In the wake of internationalization, productivity is essential so as to meet the international demand for goods and services and remain competitive in the world market. At the same time, nations which experience economic growth are fairly placed and their commodities are highly demanded in the world market. It also ensures that can trade with others effectively and efficiently by meeting the required standards as they can afford the current technology and production techniques. Tariffs refers to a tax on foreign goods once they are imported i. e. immediately on arrival at the port, the custom officer examines the goods and imposes a levy as per the custom formula. There are various types of tariffs such as: an ad valorem tariff which is a percentage of the value of a commodity while specific tariff is charged on a commodity as per its weight, volume or surface, but not to its value. It shows many units of a currency are charged per amount or area. There is also a revenue tariff that refers to a group of levies imposed mainly to raise income for the government while protective tariff is mainly imposed to temporarily raise the prices of imports while protecting the local or domestic industries from foreign competition and dumping of unwanted commodities or imports. However, they raise the price of a commodity as per the imposed levy, hence exploiting the consumers of the good or manufacturers who utilize as a raw material, at the same time ii can lead to trade war when it doesn’t favor the imposing country. Trade blocks are formed to minimize or eliminate tariffs against trade with each other and impose protective tariffs on imports outside the block, while custom union has a common external tariff as per agreed strategy; the member countries divide the revenue from the tariff on commodities entering the union among themselves. Economic theories argue that tariffs are unnecessary disruption of consumers’ sovereignty and the rule of free market. They argue that it is unjust to the consumers and generally unfavorable for a nation to protect a non performing industry, it’s healthier to let it collapse and give way a new efficient one to grow in its position. Others claim that protective tariffs that assist in protecting infant industries permit them to develop and withstand competition in the international trade once they expand their size. Similarly, tariffs can be used as a political tool to define the boundaries of an independent country as absence of tariffs establishes a free market system with no borders. However, it has been argued that tariffs assist developing countries as they are easy to collect, and these countries lack institutional capability to efficiently raise revenue and sales taxes. Non tariff barriers to trade are ways to avoid free trade regulations such as those of European Union (EU), World trade organization (WTO) etc. hat restrict imposition of tariffs such as anti dumping regulations and counterfeit goods measures, which have similar results as tariffs though imposed in special conditions. Other non tariff barriers are in form of processing or production requirements of a commodity with an import ban imposed on those goods which do not meet the requirement or condition. Some trade barriers are openly allowed in very limited conditions, when reckoned important to safeguard health, safety, sanitation or depletable resources. Non tariff barriers to trade take many forms such as state subsidies that favor an individual or industry hence disadvantaging others subsidizing, therefore becoming more competitive in the market as well as national regulations on safety, health, employment and product classification which tend to discriminate some business while favoring others. Quotas are also form of barriers as an industry can’t produce more than the recommended quantity, hence regulating its production capacity and trade in general. imilarly, foreign exchange control and multiplicity forms a non trade barrier as countries or industries that do not access it cant participate in foreign trade easily, hence it acts as a form of trade barrier as well patents and copyright laws that give an individual or industry the ultimate powers to produce a commodity alone, therefore regulating trade. Others include bribery, corruption, unfair customs procedures, restrictive licenses, import bans and restrictive import regimes which act as an obstacle to trade.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Siemens Bribery Case

Ian Collins Survey of Global Business Professor Portillo BSAD 113W 18 February 2013 Assignment #3: Siemens Bribery Scandal Before 1999 the use of bribery in Germany was not illegal and could be deducted as a business expense in a company’s taxes. This allowed companies like Siemens to gain the upper hand and have an unfair advantage over their competition in acquiring business deals around the world. Then when the law changed, Siemens still utilized bribery, and employed bribery tactics in other countries where it was also illegal.In this case study I’m going to analyze the rationale and high levels of corruption that transpired in the Siemens bribery scandal and utilize the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises to illustrate the negative impact of bribery. Siemens use of bribery initially could have been justified by the fact that German laws allowed it and was not illegal until 1999; the issue wa s that Siemens continued to use bribery even after the law had changed.Corruption was deeply embedded in the business culture. Siemens transferred money into Swiss bank accounts to avoid detection and then hired contractors to set up the bribes. These actions were standard operating procedures for corporate executives who viewed bribery as a business strategy. Senior executives even made certain individuals that were directly in charge of the bribery funds sign compliance forms stating they had not engaged in that kind of activity, bribes were referred to as ‘useful’ money.The punishment Siemens faced involved paying fines totaling $2. 6 billion. In the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, which sets voluntary principles and standards for business conduct, clearly outlines the negative aspects that comes from bribery. â€Å"Bribery and corruption are damaging to democratic institutions and the governance of corporations. They discourage investment and distort international competitive conditions.In particular, the diversion of funds through corrupt practices undermines attempts by citizens to achieve higher levels of economic, social and environmental welfare, and it impedes efforts to reduce poverty. Enterprises have an important role to play in combating these practices. † In defense of the Siemens employees, many of them just believed that was how business was done and had the best interests of the company at heart. It was about keeping the business alive and not jeopardizing thousands of jobs,† if this indicates the intention of the employees then the act is more justifiable than just doing the action out of greed. Siemens is a company that allowed greed to cloud their judgement to use bribery to gain the upper hand, as well as not evolving with the changing laws. You can only speculate as to the real thought process behind the choice to engage in bribery, whether i t was done knowingly to gain an unfair advantage or sincerely to protect the jobs of many employees, the action was still committed.A company needs to be aware of the laws, regulations and what is considered acceptable business conduct of the other countries it chooses to do business with and not violate them, including the use of bribery. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. http://lilymayunjue. blogspot. com/2012/06/summary-of-siemens-bribery. html [ 2 ]. http://www. nytimes. com/2008/12/16/business/worldbusiness/16siemens. html? _r=0 [ 3 ]. http://www. oecd. org/daf/inv/mne/48004323. pdf [ 4 ]. Article: Siemens Bribery Scandal

Friday, September 13, 2019

Allocation Issues in Healthcare Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Allocation Issues in Healthcare - Dissertation Example Over a period of time, the focus has been on the nature and status of the material resources rather the nature and role of medical professionals. Allocation issues in healthcare can be defined as a shortage of medical and healthcare resources in the form of money, donated organs, trained staff, medical costs and medical tools. All these resources play an important role in treating patients along with revamping the image and operational framework of healthcare industries across the world (Butler, 1999). The shortage of healthcare resources occurs at a varying degree in different parts of the world. Some of the these shortages can be taken care of by increasing the number of resources through effective strategies and planning while some of the resources need proper balancing and equitable distribution. The major responsibility of the healthcare professionals is to make health care a superfluous process and activity by offering desired medical and healthcare support to people needing th e most. ... When resources are considered as social goods, allocation may or may not proceed on the basis of the competition by producing the greater amount of goods for large number of people in the social environment. On the other hand, when resources are assumed as commodities, economic considerations play an important role in deciding the allocation of resources. At the micro level, the issue can be addressed by the ability to pay for the resources while at the macro level, the issue is addressed by analysing the economic structure, healthcare policies and survival of the social and economic structure that is engaged in the production and distribution of resources. Healthcare resources when understood in terms of materials and human terms are always limited. It needs to be understood that healthcare resources are delivers by public and private organsiations and these organsiations often face problems pertaining to the availability of healthcare professionals. In healthcare industries, not ev eryone can become a professional and thus the supply of human resources is always going to be limited. Moreover, approach and attitude of human resources also matter in terms of dealing with allocation issues in healthcare. The research will try to investigate the allocation issue in healthcare by analysing and underpinning the QALY system based on utilitarianism, distributive justice and role of British Laws pertaining to the healthcare allocation issues. All these elements have been discussed in three chapters stating the overall advantages and disadvantages of the current healthcare practices and systems in the United Kingdom. The researcher has also tried to identify the best possible method to deal with health care allocation issues in a critical and

Thursday, September 12, 2019

The positive and negative effects of globalisation Essay

The positive and negative effects of globalisation - Essay Example It involves a rescaling of social relations, from the economic sphere, beyond the national to the transnational, transcontinental and transworld.† (Held and McGrew, 2007 p 24). According to Held and McGrew, globalization allows local people to have international experiences right from where they are. The process of globalization is not only concerned with the mixing of people from different geographical areas, it also involves the integration of cultures, ideas as well as values (Goldberg and Pavcnik, 2007). Globalization has a long history. However, its effects started becoming apparent during the fifteenth century. Globalization is what led to colonialism in the Americas, Africa and Asia. The nations that had the resources at the time sought to affirm their authority and create economic opportunities by getting colonies. Modern Globalization started after the Second World War. The cold war can be said to be an accelerating factor for globalization as world powers fought silent wars for world domination (Williamson, 1996). Modern globalization is characterized by increased international trade, enhanced communication and better transport systems. There are many factors that have contributed to modern globalization as we know it. Technological advancement in various fields is the greatest contributor to enhanced globalization. Policy changes have also contributed to faster, deeper and cheaper globalization (Goldberg and Pavcnik, 2007). The concept of globalization has elicited many debates about its positive and negative effects. Globalization cannot be said to be a good thing or a bad thing. It is true that there are some shortcomings that are associated with globalization, but there are also many good things that can come out of it. As the world becomes one big global village, there are some things that are worth celebrating

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

The Brain and Consciousness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Brain and Consciousness - Essay Example Many of the experiments discussed on class regarding blind-sight, and the responsiveness of the body to stimuli which affect the body through a visual blind spot could well be explained by the autonomic functions of the brain stem. (Corey, et al. 1995) This portion of the brain is responsible for many autonomic function of the body, such as respiration, heart beating, etc. Advanced training, what is often referred to as subconscious responses to external stimuli, could well be the part of neural learning which happens in the brain stem. The received stimulus does not have to transmit as far as the brain cerebral hemisphere for the body to 'know' how to respond. Thus, learned behaviors become more of a subconscious, autonomic function because of brain stem responses. The visual cortex composes approximately 1/3 of the brain surface area, and if primarily responsible for receiving and processing visual input. The visual cortex is highly pattern recognitive, therefore it processed patterns in order to break down the input signals and make connections for the mind to understand. Visual understanding is an important part of thought and understanding. The proof of which is the importance and presence of dreams. Regardless of the dream theory one ascribes to, each theorist and their theories lead in the same direction.

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

Sociological and Culturalist Accounts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Sociological and Culturalist Accounts - Essay Example Furthermore, the model shapes our culture. It gives us the necessary resources, cryptogram and tradition through which the society compose a universal culture, and that which enables us to fit in the very culture. The question of who possesses media power and the powerless, or even those that can implement might and brutality, and those who cannot is a clear display of the media and its associated culture. The centrality and influence of mass media in modern culture cannot be overlooked. This is a true demonstration of how a number of media sources mainstream information and messages to the society through such forms as internet, newspapers, articles, and Radio. Such information despite positive impact to the society creates an illusion of things not beneficial to the very culture. Mostly, media power proves to be symbolic and persuasive. The media primarily have the greater potential in controlling extensively the mind of readers or viewers but not their actions in a direct way. In such cases of physical, coercive force however, the control of action, that is often the ultimate aim of the exercise of power, is mostly indirect. Whereas the control of intentions plans, knowledge, beliefs, or opinions in mental representations that monitor overt activities is presupposed. Despite the pervasive symbolic power of the media, the audience will generally retain a minimum of autonomy and independence, and engage more or less actively instead of purely passively, in the use of the means of mass.

Monday, September 9, 2019

Fundamental elements of business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fundamental elements of business - Essay Example Cost of equity does not necessarily involve repayment of funds raised unlike debt. It basically involves rising of funds through interests which not mount pressures on the organization. More pronounced is the fact that cost of equity gives the business organization a sense of expression which allows the organization room to go to all ends to acquire funds. They are not restricted by debt or anything. If a company is successful, the higher the cost of equity which will definitely leave the company little. There is no stipulated cost of equity; it therefore depends on the interest rate which renders the company rather helpless. In this case the cost of equity of a company puts the organization in the position of always requiring votes from shareholders before taking certain decisions "wise use of debt may lower a firms weighted average cost of capital (WACC) during inflation debt is repaid with 'cheap dollars'". In this case raising debt capital is easier and less complicated because the company is not required to comply with state, federal security's laws and regulations. "Interest and principal must always be met when due regardless of a firms financial position, also poor u

The contemporary nature of primary school teaching Essay

The contemporary nature of primary school teaching - Essay Example Children, however, have few emotional resources with which to cope with problems. This is further explained by theories, which state that childhood experiences and development are critically important to their future life. (Goldman, 1996). Â  In addition, using the theories of human development by Sigmund Freud and Erick Erickson, they describe the early stages of life as crucial, critical and prone to dangers. In the Freud’s theory, he stated that if an individual’s needs in his early stage of life are not satisfied, then some negative results will happen in the succeeding stages and eventually, this may result to problems in the future life of the individual. Similarly, in the theory of Erickson, he identified the stages of development where he quoted that each of the stages of life of an individual has its corresponding psychosocial crisis that an individual must overcome. In the early life of the child until the end of primary grade, the important values and attitudes are shaped. These are enumerated as: trust, autonomy, initiative and industry. These attitudes are very important for a growing child. If these are not achieved by the child in his early years then what will happen to him when he reaches adult or old age. In this times when the child needs to have those values, the person on their sides are the parents and most especially, the teachers in the primary grades. It is therefore important that teachers should be knowledgeable to these conditions and characteristics of a growing child (Duka, 2003). The above-mentioned statements only show that children should be cared properly, nurtured well and most specially must be taught well. These duties are not only for the parents but more specially for the teachers, specifically, primary teachers because there are more times when these children are in the care of the teachers. The mission for primary education is to enable every child to acquire basic preparation that will make

Sunday, September 8, 2019

How the recent economic recession has impacted U.S. aerospace Research Paper

How the recent economic recession has impacted U.S. aerospace manufacturing industry - Research Paper Example This industry is mainly concerned with the manufacturing and planning of new and improved spacecraft to explore the universe, designing aircraft for the transport of the civilians and military services as well as missiles with the aim of national defense. The industry employs nearly 1703000 people retaining the global diverse talents. Owing to the heavy investment in the research related functions a significant percentage of the people employed with the aerospace are scientists, engineers and technicians (Cook, n.d.). b. Short history of Boeing and Airbus Boeing is the leader in the manufacturing of space, defense and security systems and commercial jetliners. A top ranked exporter in US the company serves customers across 90 countries. The products and services of the company include military & commercial aircraft, weapons, electronics, satellites and defense systems, launch systems, advanced communication & information systems. The airline has long history of aerospace innovation a nd leadership. The company has continually expanded its product lines and services to satisfy the growing needs of the customers (Boeing. 2011). Aircraft ranks among the leading manufacturer of aircraft that has propelled the company to the forefront by virtue of customer focus, technological leadership, commercial know-how, and manufacturing efficiency. The company provides a variety of customer services that are tailored to meet the requirements of the operators across the globe. The airline has its headquarters in Toulouse. Owned by EADS, the airline is a global enterprise with nearly 52500 employees. The company has fully owned subsidiaries in China, Japan, US, and Middle East (Airbus, 2011). Economical Crises facing the aerospace Industry The aerospace industry is grappling with a number of challenges because of the capital-intensive nature of the industry and the situation has worsened with the major governments and companies of the world facing one of the worst crises in rece nt decades. The economy across the globe is anticipated to pass through tremendous economic upheaval in the forthcoming period. a. Re-Building Confidence of the Consumer The airlines across the globe reported grim earnings over the last couple of years due to a fall in the ticket sales. The commercial aviation being an essential part of the global economy the airlines across the globe are devising new ways to restore the confidence in air transport. One such way adopted by these companies is through an extensive advertisement campaign. There was a sharp fall in the airline traffic during the recent financial crisis due to the cut-back in business travel. One of the biggest problems faced by the airlines industry is the drastic fall in the demand for air transport. Despite the bailout packages almost all the air carriers have grounded air planes to limit capacity whereas some of the big airless have even retrenched workforce to prune the massive losses (The Federalist Society, 2003). To improve the demand for the air travel the companies can announce some waivers that will lower the cost of air travel thereby making this mode of travel more attractive as well as affordable. b. Security There has been a revamp of all the security standards in the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attack. The necessary security measures

Saturday, September 7, 2019

Reflections on Perception of Reality Essay Example for Free

Reflections on Perception of Reality Essay I have always believed in what I saw, what I heard, and what I experienced. As these elements play a significant role of perceiving the world around me, it is very hard to distrust the reality. However, it was not a long ago that I began to ponder about this issue more profoundly. What do I really perceive? Could I precisely explain our perception without the help of science? As I spend more time thinking about this fascinating issue, I realized that it is necessary to analyze how the nature of perceptual experience relates to reality, and to science. The problems of perception do not only lie on the subject of metaphysics but also on the context of epistemology. Discussing broad philosophical positions about the nature of perceptual experience is the first step to form my own perspective on perception. Identifying and comparing reasonable interpretations and support of various assertions is therefore a key to successfully solidifying my argument. I would like to begin by introducing my ideas on perceiving the world that I am currently living in. In my opinion, my perception towards the world would depend on how to deal with apparently obvious truths about my experience of the world with the possibility of particular types of perceptual errors. Although I make myself open to the reality, this fact of openness is sometimes frightened by the existence of certain illusions. For this reason, philosophical hypothesis of perception needs to respond to this threat by providing an account of perception that preserves central and significant features of perception. Materialism argues that there exists some order of reality that is independent of the human mind, consciousness, and perception. According to materialism, there is a real material world, which consists of matter and energy and obeys some natural laws independent of human mind. As far as I understand, this epistemological materialism argues that logical experience does not contain a theory about what reality is, but rather about how we should treat reality. This epistemological materialism argues that all statements should be meaningful, and that in order to be meaningful a statement should be testable and verifiable, carving away metaphysics. Testable statements must then refer to scientific properties if observers are to agree. Therefore, statements of mind, reflecting internal feelings, thoughts, and motives are meaningless unless they display some physical change or behavior. Materialism seems to offer a simple and efficient perspective on reality, which indeed appears to be in agreement with our experience and observations. Moreover, materialism also seems to be the only metaphysics most consistent with scientific knowledge. But if the materialism was clearly to be true, the world would be without purpose and my life would be absolutely meaningless. Both being a moral human through free will and taking responsibilities for immoral actions would be delusion. This is certainly not the case for all of us. We, as human beings, strive to give meanings and purposes to our lives. Idealism, on the other hand, argues that there is no order of reality independent of human minds and morality. It gives supreme power to minds over other physical values such as body. Material substances would have no existence independent of mind, or while existing, this reality may exhibit human values and morality. It may also be true that reality’s basic nature could be mind in that our apprehension of reality is more determined by mind than matter. Most idealists believe that there is a fundamental unity to the world which is simply greater than the sum of its parts. However, I think that there is a close connection between the existence of our morality and the universe as our values imply something more to the universe than just matter, laws, and physical substances. I might have become the unique outgrowth through physical processes, and my mind could still qualitatively differ. My mind may be self-actualizing while the rest of nature and reality could be still the realm of matter. The reality therefore would be able to contain mind and matter at the same time. I would also like to underline the importance of the nature of knowledge. We need to acknowledge that our sensory knowledge is in fact imperfect as not everyone has exactly the same perceptions and impressions of external reality. We are truly chained to our bodies and could only appreciate certitudes in the privacy of our minds. Hence, I believe that our knowledge and perceptions of reality could never be perfect. Beyond what we could know, reality may still consist of physical interpretations. Constructionism argues that perceptual experiences consist of representations that are constructed by the mind that express external reality. And perceptual experiences both involve objective from the world and subject material supplied by mind. In other words, my perceptual visions are being constructed and my experience contains the representations of that reality. Basically constructionism is the result of compromise between materialism and idealism. As the major focus of constructionism is to unveil the ways in which individuals behave to form the creation of their perceived reality, it involves looking at the ways the world is being created and shaped into reality. For this reason, I believe that reality could be seen as a continuous and dynamic process while it is reproduced by human beings acting on our interpretations and knowledge. My belief is closely in line with this view of constructionism. I think that everyone tends to interpret and construct a reality based on his or her experiences and interactions with circumstances. Although the world outside our minds is considered to be objective and material, it may still be perceived subjectively by us, depending upon different values and morals each one of us holds. The discussion of the nature of reality and its perception, however, does not end here. It is crucial to look at this issue from a different point of view; epistemology dimension. There exist two extreme arguments for describing the nature of knowledge linked to the perceptual experiences. Positive science, which is based on materialism, explains that the only true knowledge one could learn about the nature of reality is primarily dependent on science which provides objective knowledge. But this view does not fully explain the nature of knowledge. Intuitionism, which is based on idealism, asserts that there are different forms of knowledge that the mind has access to. Therefore, no empirical investigation is actually necessary. We could hardly distinguish above two different ideas about the nature of knowledge as they are closely linked to each other. In my opinion, science is used to prove and validate our intuitionism by showing the actual models and data. They both then provide us with a sense of justification for the nature of knowledge. Realizing that there are different philosophical positions about the nature of perceptual experience and its relation to reality, and to science is essential to successfully understanding the nature of reality and knowledge. We have discussed interpretations and critique of the fundamental beliefs that explain the relationship between perception and reality. As we know, it is not easy to simply conclude which theory is the most powerful in explaining such a complicated subject. I believe, however, that the constructionism is the most plausible theory that holds valid argument along with the combination of positive science and intuitionism. How we perceive the reality not only depends on the physical world and materials but also on the experience and morals we retain. Scientific data and methods as well as intuitionism and insight do play a significant role in supporting the conceptual space produced by broad philosophical positions. Because perception is a dynamic dispute between the attempts of the world to impose a reality and our efforts to transform this reality into our own perspective, it is important for us to develop our own perspective gradually. Thus, my initial position towards the nature of reality and science may still change and later shape a new theory as we go through more studies and discussions in the course of psychology.